A synthetic anabolic‑steroid derived from testosterone, introduced in the 1960s for medical use and later popularized for bodybuilding. It promotes protein synthesis, nitrogen retention, and lean muscle mass while also increasing red blood cell production.
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Synthesis
Starting material – Testosterone (or a suitable analog).
Oxidation of C‑17β – Conversion to 17‑oxo‑testosterone using an oxidizing agent such as chromic acid or PCC.
Introduction of the methyl group at C‑19 – Methylation with a suitable alkylating reagent (e.g., methyl iodide) under basic conditions.
Alkylation at C‑17α – Methylation at the 17α position using a methylating agent like methyl iodide in the presence of a base such as NaH or LDA.
Final purification – Chromatographic separation and recrystallization to obtain pure compound.
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